Multitasking

Multitasking is a process of executing multiple tasks simultaneously. We use multitasking to utilize the CPU. Multitasking can be achieved by two ways:

• Process-based Multitasking(Multiprocessing)
• Thread-based Multitasking(Multi threading)

1) Process-based Multitasking (Multiprocessing)

• Each process have its own address in memory i.e. each process allocates separate memory area.
• Process is heavyweight.
• Cost of communication between the process is high.
• Switching from one process to another require some time for saving and loading registers, memory maps, updating lists etc.

2) Thread-based Multitasking (Multithreading)

• Threads share the same address space.
• Thread is lightweight.
• Cost of communication between the thread is low.

Process vs. threads

A process runs independently and isolated of other processes. It cannot directly access shared data in other processes. The resources of the process, e.g. memory and CPU time, are allocated to it via the operating system.

A thread is a so called lightweight process. It has its own call stack, but can access shared data of other threads in the same process. Every thread has its own memory cache. If a thread reads shared data it stores this data in its own memory cache. A thread can re-read the shared data.

A Java application runs by default in one process. Within a Java application you work with several threads to achieve parallel processing or asynchronous behavior.

Concurrency issues

• Lost of update
• Running behind each other
• Shared access - Dead lock